SPARK A pache S park is an open-source unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing. Spark provides an interface for programming clusters with implicit data parallelism and fault tolerance. Originally developed at the University of California , Berkeley's AMPLab , the Spark codebase was later donated to the Apache Software Foundation , which has maintained it since. Spark-Architecture Spark-Architecture: 1. Key Components of Spark Architecture 1.1. Driver Program The Driver is the main process that controls the execution of a Spark application. It creates the SparkContext (or SparkSession in newer versions) to coordinate tasks across the cluster. It converts user code into a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) and schedules execution. 1.2. Cluster Manager Responsible for resource allocation across the cluster. Types of cluster managers Spark can use: Standalone Cluster Manager (Built-in) Apache YARN (For Hadoop clusters) Apache Mesos (For...